Neuroimaging

 

Neuroimaging is defined as the use of "techniques to obtain images, directly or indirectly, of the structure, function or pharmacology of the nervous system". Some of the better-known techniques include:

1. Magnetoencephalography (MEG): This technique can be used to answer many motor, cognitive, and sensory questions, particularly when the timing of neural activity is of interest. This technique has potential in the field of rehabilitation, as evidenced by studies of stroke and aphasia.
2. Positron emission tomography (PET):  Because a wide range of molecules can be used, PET can provide measurements of blood flow, blood volume, brain metabolism (especially glucose), and neuroreceptor or neurotransmitter chemistry.
3. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): This technique can be used to map brain function, elucidate brain areas involved in task performance by manipulating brain activity, or potentially provide treatment as a therapeutic intervention.
4.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Beyond the standard MRI technique that is useful for detecting pathology or trauma, different MRI acquisition procedures can be used to generate functional maps that describe brain activity occurring in awake and performing.
5. BOLD Contrast Method: The BOLD contrast method is based on the hemodynamic response to neural activity and is thus an indirect measure of this activity.